In the idea of the border as a meeting place, space can be conceived in inclusive and multi-identity terms, transforming itself into an interesting catalyst for forms of territorial imagination. These contexts attest to architectures and territories linked to them as separating factors in which complex and contradictory aspects are intertwined determined by physical, normative, functional and socio-cultural conditions. Starting from this, the present study moves in search of the territorial repercussions put in place by the border closure in a process of continuous transformation that conquers over time the form of flexible filter made up of open and other closed systems that adapt to the logic of collaboration and the coexistence of antinomic and oppositional aspects. A spatiality with an unusual organization appears, poised between going and staying, which has its roots in the uncertainty that determined it and which is the reason for a settlement process that coordinates a coexistence between opposites architectural system with a particular character. Examining the borderlands in the context of urban planning and architecture, the constitutive thought offers a singular interpretation in the form of spatiality with a suspended character, uncertain between controversial temporariness: in a present of permanence and a future of abandonment. The study is therefore in contrast with the stereotyped vision of staying on the circumscribed limit to a despotic and totalitarian spatiality (typical of first reception camps) and presupposes instead, an objective-critical observation of how people live, how they move, how they use these places.

The study investigated the effect of using design thinking approach in STEM learning context on optimizing students‟ retention of achievement in difficult physics concepts. Study was carried out in an afterschool environment which necessitated the researcher using a single group quasi experimental research design conducted in purposively selected secondary schools. Intact classes of physics students comprising of 48 male students and 41 female students overall were used in the study. A 25 item Physics Learning Achievement Test (PLAT) used in the study was validated by experts in STEM fields at pilot test. Reliability coefficient of validated PLAT using test retest method by Kuder-Richardson (KR20) was established at 0.86 for the multiple choice test and Pearson product moment reliability coefficient for the semistructured questions at 0.81. The modules combined the elements of STEM learning and design processes of empathy, ideation, brainstorming prototyping, testing and retesting to learn selected physics concepts for three months. Prior to its use, students were administered a pretest and a posttest after the study intervention using PLAT. A delayed-posttest was later administered to participants after two weeks of posttest using PLAT. Result obtained from statistical analysis using the paired sample t-test and a one-way ANCOVA revealed that there were no significant differences between the posts – test and delayed post-test of mean score of achievement in physics learning for male students as well as for female students. Conclusion and relevant recommendations were therefore made in the study

The external action of local communities seems a priori in dichotomy with the sovereignty of the state. Decentralized local authorities are increasingly present internationally through the mechanics of decentralized cooperation. Their actions, although circumscribed by domestic law, can sometimes seem to contradict the major principles of state sovereignty, which at least legally remains the only subject of international law with the related prerogatives, and the actor principal of international relations. From then on weighs the suspicion of a growing collusion between these old and new actors of international relations.

Vocational training is good at prosperity of economy and integration of young to society. The economic development is said to be dependent on innovation-led productivity that education and training systems are of importance. The paper focuses on technical vocational education and training (TVET) in the context of contemporary socio-demographic upheavals and economic development particularly in the labour market, and seeks to outline the linkage between the equity and employability with the educational expansion. The paper is structured as follows: firstly, there is a discussion on the philosophies of TVET, educational expansion in higher education, and equity. Secondly, the paper provides an analysis of the factors which administrational management could enhance the educational performance of the local communities, Taiwan. Thirdly, by the principles of ―access to opportunities‖ and ―massification of higher education‖, the paper seeks to explore current and future issues and identify the sources of TVET, educational expansion in higher education, equality, and active ageing for employability. Finally, the paper concludes with a number of recommendations and implications. Equal opportunity has been achieved in access to higher education. Higher education needs to recognize the necessity of adapting these forms of education, such as TVET and STEM, to assure the sustainability of society and economy. TVET and higher education have the potential to be the agent of change and the enabler of equality and inclusion. The research method is literature review.

The study investigated the effectiveness of collaborative learning approach on physics students‟ achievement in the concept of force at the senior secondary school physics. The study employed a quasi-experimental research design. Study was targeted at students in the senior secondary (SS2) class who offers physics as a subject at a given selected senior secondary school. An intact class was used for the study. The selected class A was used for the experimental design while class B was used for the conventional approach. A total of 28 students were in the experimental group while 36 students were in the conventional group. A pretest was given to each of the two groups to establish their equivalence level. The study adopted a “Think, Pair, and Share” type of collaborative strategy in the learning of force concept for four (4) weeks and thereafter gave the students a post-test to establish the effect of the intervention on the students. The paired t-test and the independent t-test statistical analysis using the SPSS statistical package were used to analyse the generated hypotheses. Study findings shows that there was significant difference between the achievement of students in force concept in physics using collaborative and conventional approach. Finding also shows that there was no significant difference between the achievement of male and female students in physics using collaborative approach. Therefore, Study findings asserts that collaborative instructional approach in physics learning is an indispensable, valuable pedagogical technique in physics learning and a tool for closing gender differences and discrimination in physics classroom. Conclusion and recommendations were such as teachers should encourage physics students to participate in collaborations in physics learning made in the study

This study aims at examining the relationship between personality traits and the willingness to communicate in a second language. A sample of 50 students majoring in English as a second language at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) was surveyed using a questionnaire to collect the data. Personality traits were measured by the 50- item version of Goldberg‟s [1] international personality traits, while the willingness to communicate in a second language was measured using the scale of MaCrosky and Richmond [2]. The findings show that the university students perceived their personalities as being somehow balanced where the grand mean of the 50 items measuring personality traits was 3.1 on a 5- point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. As for the willingness to communicate, the students perceived their overall level as being moderate, where the grand mean of the 20 items measuring their willingness to communicate was 61 on a scale ranging from 0 to 100. However, the willingness to communicate in a second language with friends and acquaintances was found to be very high, while it was found low with strangers. In regard to the relationship between personality traits and the willingness to communicate in a second language, the findings show that there are significant positive correlations between three of the Big Five Personality Traits (i.e. extraversion, agreeableness, and openness) and the willingness to communicate in a second language. However, the findings do not show significant correlations between the other two personality traits (i.e. neuroticism and conscientiousness) and the willingness to communicate. The study concluded with the argument that the realization of the nature of the personality traits and the willingness to communicate in a second language may have important theoretical and practical implications for linguistics, teachers and learners.

With the continuous development of education, students‟learning methods have changed. Different from the previous single, passive and receptive learning methods, the new curriculum reform advocates students to construct an “autonomous, cooperative and exploratory” learning style. As the carrier of autonomy, cooperation and exploration, group cooperative learning has also been highly praised by the majority of educators. At the junior high school stage, students‟ mentality has changed greatly, and their cognition of group cooperative learning has become more profound. Therefore, it is particularly important for teachers to help students to construct a good group learning method to cultivate their cooperative learning consciousness and problem-solving ability according to their characteristics. With the assistance of the Internet, an effective teaching tool, group cooperative learning can play a greater role and provide greater help for students‟ learning. The purpose of this study is to explore how group cooperative learning can play a greater role in the network environment. On the basis of combining previous studies, the author puts forward some reasonable strategies for the three links: preparation before group learning, communication during group learning and feedback after group learning in view of the problems existing in the group learning process, hoping to make full use of the advantages of group cooperative learning to help students carry out group learning preferably.

The study is conducted to explore, „how employed women have encountered work-life balance during the pandemic in Colombo District, Sri Lanka‟ by taking married and unmarried employed women as the sample. Qualitative approach has been used with judgemental sampling to conduct the study. Three married, employed women and three unmarried, employed women have been interviewed and analysed data thematically to present findings. The researchers has extracted four major themes, „Challenges faced by employed women during COVID-19 pandemic‟, „Distractions encountered by employed women‟, „Benefits of WFH‟, „Support of family members and company to the concept of working from home‟. The findings have been presented by contrasting on two groups of married and unmarried employed women. The concept „Working from home‟ has differently influenced married and unmarried women during COVID-19 pandemic. The efforts of the study is to understand the differences. The modern workplace should cater the changing needs of the environment. COVID-19 has created new realities which has become a root cause to new threats and opportunities. In this context, businesses should focus on catering the changing environment. Thu study supports the modern workplace by analysing COVID-19 influence on married and unmarried working women in Sri Lanka.

Children‟s social-emotional development provide valuable information about how children are progressing in areas such as forming relationships, regulating and expressing their emotions, and showing empathy toward others. This study investigated the effectiveness of day care centers in imparting social-emotional skills to children aged 4-6 years as prerequisite for successful schooling later. The effectiveness was measured by comparing social-emotional development of children enrolled to daycare centers against those staying at home. In doing so, the study also assessed the role of teachers/caregivers in fostering social-emotional well-being of these children and the role environment in developing positive social-emotional well-being. The study involved 188preschoolersin which 112were those who have been enrolled in one of the 10 selected daycare centers and the remaining 76 were those who are still staying at home. For the purpose of triangulating the findings, the study also interviewed ten (10) conveniently selected teachers from these daycare centers. Data from children were collected using an adopted socio-emotional competence scale developed by Zhou and Ee (2012). Interviews were conducted to teachers for the purpose of assisting in the filling of the likert scale. Statistical significant p-value was calculated and used for interpretation of results in a p≤ .05 and confidence level of 0.95 formats. An analysis of SPSS independent samples t-test based on whether a child stays at home or enrolled in a daycare center at (α) =0.05 produced a p of 0.04 and a t value of 0.57, hence rejecting the null hypothesis (Ho1).The p=.04implied that there is statistically significant difference in socio-emotional maturity between preschoolers enrolled in daycare centres and those staying at home in favor of those enrolled in the centers. The dimension measured included self-awareness, social awareness, self- management, relationship management, and responsible decision making

It is undeniable truth that poor quality of work life is a big challenge in today’s higher learning education institutions which affects negatively the performance as well as attraction and retention of quality staff. This study focused on analyzing the level of quality of work life of academic staff of public universities and examining the factors affecting the attainment of Quality of work life in public universities in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. The study employed a case study design to provide thorough, in-depth, comprehensive, and well-ordered information concerning the social group understudy. A sample size of 138 respondents drawn from the population that was 210 academic managers and administrative staff members from Dar es Salaam University and Mzumbe University. Questionnaire and interviews were used to collect the required information. The findings revealed low quality of work life. The study recommended that universities should come up with mitigation measures to reduce the workload of academic staff since this was one of the leading factors affecting attainment of quality of work life.

This paper examines the contributions of the Northwest Development Authority (NWDA) with its French acronym as MIDENO[1], to the development of the Northwest region of Cameroon through the Grassfields Participatory Decentralized Rural Development Project (GP-DERUDEP) and Livestock and Fisheries Development Project (LIFIDEP).The research was conducted by exploiting primary and secondary sources. Primary sources comprised of oral interviews. Secondary sources constituted published and unpublished books, dissertations and articles in journals. The study argues that MIDENO fell short in an ambitious government developmental agenda in the North West Region but more could be achieved in the near future if government policy in this domain is revisited.In its finding, both GP-DERUDEP and LIFIDEP served as effective avenues of intervention and meeting the objectives of MIDENO in the domain of infrastructure, livestock and fisheries development in the Northwest region but fell short of expectations. In its commitment to meet such ambitious developmental objectives, MIDENO through its different executing agencies faced several challenges. It is therefore necessary for government to revisit its development strategy within MIDENO and other developmental structures in order to achieve meaningful sustainable improvements in the prolonged state of economic quagmire shared by all rural milieus in the country.

The Battle of Brunanburh, also spelled Brunnanburh, is an Old English poem of 73 lines included in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under the year 937. It relates the victory of the Saxon king Athelstan over the allied Norse, Scots, and Briton invaders under the leadership of Olaf Guthfrithson, king of Dublin and claimant to the throne of York. The poem is considered as a panegyric composed for Athelstan to celebrate his victory. It describes the dead kings and earls on the battlefield and pictures the Norsemen fleeing back to Dublin in their ships while their dead sons are being devoured by ravens and wolves. The poem asserts that this was the greatest battle ever fought in England and also that of a great slaughter. The present paper is a creative translation into Modern English of the Old English text.

With the promulgation of the Double Reduction policy, English teaching activities in senior high school have been greatly affected, because this is not only the reduction of homework burden, but also the changes of teaching belief and teaching direction. Double Reduction that refers to the task of improving the quality of education is not just to reduce the number of tasks, but to add on the basis of subtraction. Then, Double Reduction can be said to be reducing quantity and increasing efficiency and reducing burden and increasing quality. Thus, English teacher should also timely change the traditional teaching concept, change the single teaching form, optimize the teaching content, cultivate students’ autonomous learning ability, pay attention to the cultivation of students’ thinking ability and comprehensive quality, and promote the more scientific development of English teaching activities, so as to better implement the spirit of the Double Reduction, to implement the requirements of neutral morality in the English Curriculum Standards for Senior High Schools.

Dans cet article, nous tentons d’élucider le modèle philosophique d’Albert Camus à travers lequel il ne théorise pas la philosophie, il ne la coince pas non plus dans des rouages conceptuels, mais il la vit et la considère comme mode de vie. En ce sens, Camus procède par une exaspération du souci de soi des Anciens donnant lieu à une « éthique de l’absurde », dont les trois bases sont la révolte (refus), la passion (inespoir) et la liberté (lucidité). Cela permet de considérer que la réflexion philosophique de Camus adopte un chemin d’une philosophie du bonheur attribuant une valeur importante à un idéal de consentement au destin. D’un autre côté, le fait de considérer la philosophie chez Albert Camus comme mode de vie constitue la source d’une grande richesse dans l’interprétation de son œuvre puisque chez ce penseur lui, la révolte obéit au même idéal philosophique. L’Homme révolté n’est qu’une destruction de l’histoire de la révolte nihiliste et d’une fondation d’un mode de vie centré sur le souci d’autrui

Health-related Quality of Life plays a crucial role in the lives of diseased or non-diseased people. A healthy individual could contribute more to home, community, society, workplace, and nation than an unhealthy individual. A healthy lifestyle adds to a better quality of life and life satisfaction. The present study focuses on developing and standardizing the Health-related Quality of Life Scale specifically designed for cancer patients. The sample of Cancer patients (N=300) was collected from the Department of Radiotherapy, JNMCH, A.M.U., Aligarh. The preliminary scale consisted of 35 items, and after the proportion agreement method, 25 items were retained for item analysis. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out and confirmed 18 items clustered into four factors, namely: social, emotional, physical, and mental. The reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be (α= 0.61). Further, the EFA explained 65.01% total variance confirming the factorial validity check of the scale.

The significance of religious faith to public life has quite been a topical issue within the last two decades. Scholars on the development and public life debate have argued for the presence of religious voices in public circles. This article discusses the basis of Christian-Muslim involvement in the public space. At the heart of such involvement is the Christian or Muslim who is both a religious person and a citizen of the state. Having looked at the notions from Christian-Muslim perspectives, the article shows that the public sphere is no prerogative of politicians or celebrities. The public space encapsulates every member of society, hence their involvement of which has profound ramifications for the notion of the Common Good, equitable solutions to collective problems, boundaries of inclusion and exclusion, and those practices that converge in the public. The study reflected on the case of Ghana and on why the Ghanaian Christian and Muslim must be involved in the Ghana‟s public life. The study demonstrates that religious faith in the public sphere remains indispensable for the preservation of the Common Good and hence makes the call for all religious people and people of good will, especially Christians and Muslims in Ghana to work in favor of maintaining the public sphere by being agents of the Common Good in that sphere.

Le présent article se veut une réflexion sur les pratiques enseignantes en classe de français langue étrangère, au secondaire qualifiant au Maroc. Notre constat est queles pratiques de la majorité des enseignants n’adhèrent aux principes de l’approche par competencesque recommandent les orientations pédagogiques ministérielles. Ces principes reposent sur l’héritage du socioconstructivisme et du cognitivisme. Dans cette perspective, cette contribution, qui s’inscrit dans le contexte général de la recherche en didactique des langues étrangères et celui plus particulier du socioconstructivisme et de la formation par compétences , et qui accorde une importance capitale au «terrain» se propose d'observer les pratiques des enseignants de français langue étrangère au cycle secondaire qualifiant et de rendre compte de la mesure et des dispositions dans lesquelles les nouvelles orientations pédagogiques sont présentes dans les salles de classe à l'heure actuelle, et ce, afin d'évaluer le chemin qu'il reste à parcourir pour mettre en pratique un enseignement apprentissage s’inscrivant véritablement dans l’esprit de l’approche par compétences, et donc, dans celui des nouvelles théories des sciences de l’apprentissage.

The Study attempts to Shed light on linguistic Stylistics Analysis of lexical and Grammatical Categories of Chinua Achebe‟s novel (Arrow of God). It aims to highlight the techniques of using lexical and Grammatical Categories in the novel. The researchers have adopted analytical checklist to explore lexical and Grammatical Categories in the functional linguistic field. These lexical and grammatical features have been used as primary tools for data collection. The sample composed of hundred words and two hundred and fifty of different sentences types that have been used in the context so as to analyze Achebe‟s style. The finding revealed that studying linguistic stylistic alone cannot be satisfied to understand the novel, rather identifies significant linguistic features that mostly contributes in interpreting the novel. The study recommended that researchers should use linguistic features for interpreting and tackling their literary works.

In relating with people in the work environment, it is important to bear in mind that human beings are highly controlled by emotions. This study examined the implication of emotional intelligence on organizational performance of Social Development Secretariat, Abuja. Descriptive survey research design was adopted, using questionnaire to obtain data from a sample of 51 employees drawn from a population of 175 employees. Emotional intelligence was proxied by selfmanagement, social awareness and social skills. The results were generated and are tested by the use of t-test statistical tool. The findings show that self-management, social awareness and social skills have significant effect on organizational performance. The study concludes that emotional intelligence has positive effect on organizational performance and recommends that self-management, social awareness and social skills are critical factors to organizational success as other resources.

En este artículo se presente un texto literario, específicamente un cuento corto, que trata de poner en valor alguna de las dificultades y características que tiene el desarrollo de la vida en el Desierto de Atacama, que es el Desierto más seco del mundo, se tratan literariamente temas como los glaciares y su deshielo, el ciclo del agua, los valles, el desierto y su vegetación, la contaminación y los eventos meteorológicos extremos.

The choice of Harley Davidson is not only because of being a successful company, but also because of its history and the relationship it has with its employees and customers itself. Harley-Davidson despite being a historic brand, when it comes to producing unique motorcycles, the company has not been at its best when it comes to sales to the younger market. This work aims to make a presentation of the company, main market positioning and SWOT analysis.

This paper revisits the history of black fascism and imperialism in Africa. It addresses the startling fact that many African actors in the interwar and war periods sympathized with fascism, seeing in its ideology a means of envisioning new modes and approaches of African resistance to European imperialism. This was because their motivations and goals clashed with the new orders projected by Japan, Italy, and Germany, which linked the possibility of internal, national change to the necessity for an external, imperial, and reorganization of the world. In all three countries, fascism, whether of the assimilationist or genocidal kind, recalled previous colonial experiences in Africa. As far as international fascism was concerned, the regimes in Tokyo, Rome, and Berlin invoked a redistribution of colonies as a measure that would guarantee the economic survival of their nations. Japan aimed to expand in Asia, Italians demanded a larger foothold in East Africa and, during the Second World War, in the Mediterranean, Nazi Germany earmarked eastern Europe. This explains why, Afro-fascist countries and movements in South Africa, Italian Libya, Uganda, Rwanda, and Egypt benefitted from international fascism by exploiting its weaknesses to negotiate for their independence from fascist dictators and regimes. The paper argues that mid twentieth -century imperialism and interwar fascism were interrelated strategies to harmonize the unstable relationship between Afro-fascist regimes and Axis powers. It reaffirms that imperialism and fascism exercised the highest degree of violence and had the most destructive impact on world history during the interwar and war periods. Through an examination of recent scholarship, this article offers a new conceptual interpretation of the link between fascism and imperialism. In so doing, it adds to our understanding of the interwar period by breaking down the neat boundaries between fascism and imperialism in Africa.

Codic alternation in class interactions of French as a foreign language: the qualifying secondary cycle. This article is a reflection on the teaching/learning of French as a foreign language in the qualifying secondary cycle in Morocco, and more specifically on class interactions. Our observation is that language practices are affected by the coexistence of French with several languages in particular dialectal arabic. The alternation of these two linguistic codes is very present in the context of the teaching of French. In this perspective, this contribution, which gives great importance to the field and in which the corpus takes precedence aims to examine interactions in a French class. To do this, it aims to quantify, on the hand, the turns of speech expressed only in French or in dialectal arabic, and on the other hand, those where it is question of alternation of codes, and also to find the factors that cause these shifts between the mother tongue and the target language.

Every church wants to grow. Every church wants a healthy congregation growth. Church growth is classified into two types: number and quality. Quantitative growth refers to a significant increase in church membership. Quality growth is characterized by the number of church members who are spiritually mature enough to want to be served as well as serve. The early church grew rapidly. The early church grew numerically as fresh souls joined the Christian fellowship. Moreover, the Early Church had qualitative growth, with every member actively participating in church activities. What prompted the early church's explosive growth? It was communication. The Early Church had good communication among its members. As a result, the Early Church grew in both quantity and quality. This paper will discuss the importance of communication in church growth. This discussion is based on Acts 2:41-47. This article will help church leaders to look inside their churches and learn from the early church about healthy communication within the church, with the anticipation that the experiences of Early Church might be experienced again by churches today.

This study aims to identify the efficiency of the integrated experience approach in developing some basic science in kindergarten children of Jordan. The study sample comprises (50) male and female children who were randomly selected from Zarqa Education Directorate for the academic year 2019/2020. To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher prepared the study instruments represented through a list of basic science for the kindergarten child and education guide through using the integrated experience approach and testing the kindergarten basic sciences operation after validating them. Findings of the study revealed statistical differences of a significance (α ≤ 0.05)between the operations of the experimental and control groups in some basic science skills (observation, classification, measurement and prediction), in favour of the experimental group that was taught through the integrated experimental approach, while there were no statistically significant difference at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05).Due to gender variable regarding (observation, classification, measurement, and prediction).There were differences with statistical significance at all levels of significance among individuals of both the experimental and control groups in some basic science skills (observation, classification, measurement, and prediction), in favour of the experimental group which was taught through the integrated experience approach in the deferred exam, while no difference was found with statistical significance at the level of (α ≤ 0.05) due to gender variable (male or female) in (observation, classification, measurement, and prediction) in the deferred exam

Humans often use the conceptualization of body parts to perceive reality, and so it is not uncommon that this also influences language. In order to find out whether the body is perceived and described in the same way in different languages, we focus on the contrastive analysis of somatisms, a subset of set phrases containing names of body parts from the semantic field success/failure in English, German and Georgian. The terms of body parts belong to the oldest layers of the vocabulary of any language. Human body parts are also used for the symbolic expression of various facts and conceptualized as the location of emotional and mental activities. We have tried to describe the occurrence of body parts and their distribution in the semantic representation of success/failure somatisms. The results of the analysis of equivalence levels take into account not only the levels of full and partial correspondence, but also somatisms for which there are no somatic equivalences in all three languages. The problem of phrasal false friends is also highlighted.

The study aimed to determine and describe the readiness of teachers in the preparation and utilization of educational video lessons as one of the multimodal approaches in teaching Social Studies in this Distance Learning. The study developed educational video lesson to help improve performance of students. This study was conducted during the second quarter of the academic year 2021-2022 among Social Studies teachers of Zone 2, Schools Division of Zambales. The teachers are moderately ready in the preparation and utilization of educational video lessons in Social Studies. The developed educational video lessons are useful in terms of contents, structure and usability. The academic performance of the students in Social Studies (Grade 9 - Economics) during the 2nd Quarter was very satisfactory. Moreover, it was found that there is significant difference on the perceived level of teachers’ readiness in the preparation and utilization of educational videos in teaching Social Studies. There is no significant relationship between the usefulness of developed educational video lesson in terms of content, structure and usability and the students’ academic performance in Economics. An enhanced educational video lessons for Social Studies Economics lesson was developed for utilization. The Secondary School Heads/Principals should support the Social Studies teachers of the necessary materials and equipment further improve the quality of the educational video.

The study intended to find out business issues affecting the volatility of exchange rate (iii) to investigate political influences affecting the volatility of exchange rate. A descriptive research design was adopted since the study intended to gather both qualitative and quantitative data on economic factors affecting the volatility of exchange rate in Tanzania. The principal target populations were 52 employees of CRDB and NMB head-quarters offices in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This study employed both primary data and secondary data methods. The IBM SPSS Statistics software aided descriptive statistics analysis such as frequency tables to present demographic statistics of respondents while means and standard deviation was used to present data on the objectives of the study. Findings revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between economic factors and exchange rate volatility in Tanzania. The study concludes that the weaknesses and strengths of exchange rate depend much on the behavior of both economic factors. It is from this point of view that makes this study to conclude that there is a strong and significant relationship between economic factors and exchange rate volatility in Tanzania.

The Lukavac village (Geographical coordinates: 43°40'50.42''N, 18°15'59.81''Е, about 1335 m above sea level) is a village located on the southern slopes of the mountain Bjelsnica, about 2.6 km away from the river Rakitnica by air. The village belongs to the municipality of Trnovo (it is about 14.6 km away from Trnovo by air). The Lukavac village is one of the twenty villages on the plateau of the Bjelasnica mountain which, since its founding in the Middle Ages until today, has survived a turbulent history. It has always been renewed in accordance with new social circumstances thanks to its rich natural resources. As there are Olympic arenas near it (where the 14th Winter Olympics were held in 1984), this fact is his „embodied energy“ that largely generates life in the village today. „The Lukavac village on the plateau of Bjalasnica mountain: life in the way of sustainability“ is one of numerous studies by which the author analyzes and „checks“ his theory „Defining Architectural Space“ (founded in 1987) where he monitors the emergence of architecture („Boundaries“) in synergy with the other two essential elements of architecture – „Environment“ and „Man“. Also, this paper is a concrete contribution to the affirmation of „sustainable life“, in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the world.