Disgrace is a famous novel written by the award-winning Nobel laureate J.M. Coetzee. The novel highlights the disturbing situation in post-apartheid era when South Africa witnessed the change of power shifting from the Whites to the blacks. It presents the suffering and hardship of the whites after losing their supremacy in post-apartheid period when the practice of racial segregation was abolished in the year 1994. In this troubled situation, there are attempts of reconciliation of races forwarded by some institutions like (TRC). However, these attempts of reconciliation failed because agitation and rage between whites and blacks and the process of accepting each other through certain compensations and paybacks like rape and brutality still exist. The whites still feel that they are supreme in all aspects of life, therefore. They find it difficult to coexist in society and reconcile with the Africans. This paper reflects vividly on the racial conflict and the crisis of reconciliation through a story of rape, sexuality, and violence.

Social security is the product of a long history. If it finds its origin in the first law on social insurance on accidents at work at the end of the 19th century, it was not until 1945 that it was saw the light. International sources of social protection standards include: ILO, United Nations-UN, Organization for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOECD, International Monetary Fund-IMF and WB, Council of Europe-EC, and finally European Union. The social protection system is supported by major transnational initiatives, the most recent of which is the adoption of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015.The ILO has formulated and adopted a set of international standards, including the Social Protection Floor Recommendation 2012 (No. 202), which reflects the global tripartite commitment to provide at least a basic level of social security for all. Morocco, in turn, has made considerable economic and social progress over the years and continues to implement a broad reform plan by introducing new reform strategies and policies. Recently, after the adoption of the constitution in 2011, a new legal and institutional framework has been put in place to implement its provisions. By adopting framework law 09.21, Morocco seeks to expand social protection and overhaul its social security and assistance system. Morocco also complies with ILO recommendations on social protection floors and, with the UN agenda to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and conventions on rights for specific groups (women, children, disabled people).Among the 62 conventions ratified by the Kingdom, 48 conventions entered into force, 11 conventions were cancelled. To date, Morocco has not ratified a total of 42 major conventions as well as the ILO protocol. Among the 62 conventions ratified by the Kingdom, 48 conventions entered into force, 11 conventions were cancelled. To date, Morocco has not ratified a total of 42 major conventions as well as the ILO protocol. In sum, despite the achievements in terms of infrastructure, economic growth and the emphasis on human development, the development model has failed to reduce social insecurity and regional disparities and to meet the needs increases in certain populations. The latest report written by the Economic, Social and Environmental Council (CESE) in 2018 recalls in this sense that the national social protection system “constitutes a component which today remains fragmented, limited, unequal and fragile.”

The Right to Privacy is a form of negative liberty that ensures people to enjoy life without unlawful interference from the state or other agents. Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis are the two forerunner activists on the Right to Privacy. Although some of their propositions are debatable, their insight in the Right to Privacy is still valid. This article tries to reflect on Warren and Brandeis‟ contribution to concept of the “Right to Privacy” and its practical application in the contemporary world taking Ethiopia as a case study.

Aim: The study was carried out to analyse the extent of practice as well as continuation of yoga, and the characteristics of the respondents, which influence continuation / discontinuation. Materials and Methods: Data was collected on-line from a random sample of 500respondentsfrom different States of India through Whatsaap and Email. The questionnaire contained the characteristics of respondents such as sex, age, education and marital status, whether practicing yoga, continuing yoga, and the reasons for discontinuation. Scoring using the Likert equal interval method was adopted for practicing / not practicing, and continuation / discontinuation of yoga practice. The results were analysed as proportions and through t test. Results:73 % of respondents under the study report that they practiced yoga. However, only 53.4 % of them are continuing it. About 60 % of discontinuers attribute this to lack of time. Statistically significant difference exists between the yoga continuation / discontinuation score of respondents with different educational backgrounds, with Ph.D. holders getting a comparatively lower mean score than PG, Degree and Diploma holders. While 80 % of respondents with Ph.D. report yoga discontinuation, the figure for Degree holders is 67 %, and only about 40 % for PG and Diploma holders. Statistically significant difference exists between the age of respondents continuing (mean age 54.9) and discontinuing yoga (46.1), indicating that yoga continuers are mainly of a higher age than discontinuers. Statistically significant difference exists in the mean yoga continuation / discontinuation score of married and un-married people. There are more married respondents, who are continuing yoga practice than un-married people.Statistically significant difference was not observedbetween male and female respondentsin the yoga continuation / discontinuation score.

In this article, we tried to analyze a sample of “Medical Works” as they are the most debated and controversial issue at this moment among Scientist, Doctors, Jurists, and clerics, and among us and others about their legality. Because the nature of doctors’ duties has changed and they become numerous and diversified due to the advancement achieved in the fields of Medicine and Biology. Nowadays, an obstetrician is not only a doctor with specialist qualifications in delivering babies and providing medical care to women during pregnancy and after the birth , But he is also a doctor for Medical Abortion, both curative and noncurative, sterilization, transsexual, hymen reconstruction surgery, as he also performs Artificial Insemination, Embryo Implantation and other modern operations to control reproductive techniques. The surgeon does nowadays a number of unusual surgeries, such as taking an Organ from a person’s body or from his Corpse to transplant it into another person’s body, or an Autopsy for research and educational purposes. This is done in order to come up with some statistics that are related to the Situation of Morocco in terms of Human Organ Donation as well as the Legality of the Sterilization process in Morocco and Comparative Laws with other Countries. Its purpose is also to come up with some measures regarding the determination of the patients’ rights in Morocco, due to the absence of the law that explicitly protects this category, following the Right Approach of the International and Comparative systems.

This study aims to explore the use of English subtitles in movies as a tool to enhance students‟ proficiency and reveal the correlation between the habit of watching movies with English subtitles and its contribution to improving speaking skills. A quantitative approach is employed which involves a total of 215 undergraduates in Malaysia. The primary data is gathered through a questionnaire and supported bya semi-structured interview to validate the findings. The questionnaire responses were analysed using the SPSS version 25 tool and 15 respondents‟ interview responses were categorized thematically. The study indicated that undergraduates benefited from subtitles as they increased their English vocabulary (M=3.74) as well as motivated them to learn English (M=3.71). Findings also revealed that English subtitles increased their level of confidence in developing speaking skills to communicate in English. The learners also found subtitling created an avenue for both enjoyable and educational, thus fulfilling the demands of the digital era. It is, therefore, recommended that language teachers include this teaching approach of using movies with English subtitles as a teaching tool in the classroom.

There are observable weaknesses in Tanzania’s education system, these weaknesses can be solved by adopting a new form of education. Changes are inevitable in the society, as these changes occur, different social systems have to change too. Education system is included among these social systems. The society of Tanzania has undergone numerous changes which calls for changes in its educational system to cope with the current society. There are different forms of education depending on what a nation needs to achieve. Problems like unemployment, poverty, over importation and immoral acts reveals failure of the current education system. The study shows different philosophers understanding on education and how their understanding contradicts to the form of education that exists in Tanzania. The study suggests having a new form of education that promotes holistic education. The study shows that holistic education can be achieved in Tanzania through a new form education that allows interaction between schools and professional workers, in that students learn practically. Practical learning connects reality in society with schools and so students meets reality when they are still in studies.

L’instauration des SIBM1 au Maroca contribué au changement dans la planification linguistique éducative. Les DdNL2 sontdorénavant enseignées en français. Dans le cadre de la vision stratégique 2015-2030, le CNEF3met en avant une réforme éducative qui s’applique au statut des langues dans le système éducatif et qui tente d’installerune architecture linguistique fondée sur le plurilinguisme et l’alternance des langues[1]. Toutefois, cette régénération exige l’usage du français comme langue d’enseignement des DdNL qui ne reflète pas la réalité sociolinguistique des marocains. La présente contributions’intéresse au français comme une langue instrumentale, un moyen de transmettre des connaissances dans un domaine de spécialité. Elle relève d’une recherche-action relative à l’enseignement des DdNLdans leTCS4 section BIOF5 .De ce fait, cette étude se propose d’analyser les pratiques enseignantes et langagières, et l’usage de l’alternance des languesdans le cours de DdNL, en se basant sur les techniques d’enquête sociolinguistique : l’observation et le recueil de données sur le terrain via l’entretien et le questionnaire destiné aux enseignants et aux élèves qui constituent une classe d’âge confrontée à ce changement brutal de méthodes d’enseignement et à un besoin urgent d’adaptation.

This paper is a critical analysis of Plato‘s view that leaders of political states must be specialists/experts for the government to be prosperous. Our endeavour in this paper is to define and critically understand the concept of specialisation in Plato and how it applies to political leadership in the state. This will help us understand what specialisation in Plato entails, the importance of having experts in political societies, and the risks of improper placement of experts in the society.

The writing of Mohammed Khaïr-Eddine highlights socio-cultural representations of women. This literature also presents a negative image of women. The first image of the woman suggested by the works is that of a being subjugated by the patriarchal society which restricts her freedom both socially and culturally. However, we observe that the woman can also be claimed as a space of freedom, especially when it comes to the village woman. The woman then appears as an element carrying a positive connotation since it is linked to the Berber identity very dear to Khaïr-Eddine. RÉSUMÉ L’écriture de Mohammed Khaïr-Eddine met en avant les représentations socioculturelles sur la femme. Cette littérature présente aussi une image de la femme négative. La première image de la femme suggérée par les œuvres est celle d’un être assujetti par la société patriarcale qui restreint sa liberté tant sur le plan social que culturel. Cependant, on observe que la femme peut aussi être revendiquée comme espace de liberté surtout quand il s’agit de la femme villageoise. La femme apparaît alors comme un élément porteur d’une connotation positive puisqu’il est en lien avec l’identité berbère très chère à Khaïr-Eddine.

Elmer Rice (1892-1967), one of the foremost American playwrights, was born in New York city. He was the son of a cigar salesman. He grew up among slums and tenement houses, which to some extent left a stamp on his writings. He attended the New York University Law School at night and graduated in 1912 with distinction. Having passed his bar examination, he was qualified to be a lawyer. However he had more interest in the theatre than in the legal profession, which made him give up law and be entirely devoted to playwriting. He wrote more than fifty plays which show versatility and a wide variety of techniques. Yet, he is remembered for only few of them. His first play, Our Trial ( 1914 ) was very successful. In this play, he developed the flashback technique. His second successful play was The Adding Machine (1923), while the third one was Street Scene (1929 ), he also wrote Counsellor at Law ( 1931 ) and Dream Girl (1944 ). Furthermore, Rice worked as a producer, director, film writer and novelist. His well-known novels are A Voyage to Purila (1930) and Imperial City (1937). In addition to the previous works, he wrote a book about the theatre entitled The Living Theatre (1959). He also wrote Minority Report: An Autobiography (1923). To make an account for Elmer Rice's achievement in this respect, the researcher divides the present paper into an introduction, three sections and a conclusion: The introduction of the paper sets the background of Elmer Rice's literary rise and significance in his subsequent literary American scene. Section One discusses Zero's dilemma with the Boss. The researcher focuses on their struggle throughout the whole play. Section Two sheds light on the domestic problems between Zero and his wife Daisy, and to illustrate the negative impacts of Materialism and Capitalism on the individuals. Section Three moves to reflect the internal and external struggle inside Zero's intellect. The Conclusion sums up the findings of the paper.

Integration of the three pillars – social, economic and environment – sits at the heart of sustainable development. Despite this, studies demonstrate that little evidence of policy integration has occurred. One of the core principles of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to address the interactions across the various goals. This article undertook an assessment on the influence of the SDGs‟ interlinkages approach in translating it to domestic policy integration. It assessed if, how, and to what extent SDGs influenced policy integration across two issue areas and policy domains, namely, human rights (social) and biodiversity (environment). A causal mechanisms approach was adopted where a set of mechanisms that elucidate the pathways of how causal influence travels from SDGs to a domestic policy outcome is assessed. Specifically, a process tracing exercise was conducted where the SDGs was utilised to link biodiversity conservation and human rights during a special sitting on flood at the Malaysian Parliament. The findings suggested that firstly, the outcome was the culmination of an institutional pathway and attributed to the establishment of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on SDGs, which consisted of multi-stakeholders including parliamentarians, experts and CSOs. In particular, the role of non-state actors acted as a major force. Secondly, the extent of policy integration was found to be substantive, in the sense that there was consensus formed on normative and causal ideas, in particular, of the anthropogenic causes of the floods. This highlights that under certain conditions, the SDGs has the potential to be transformative in influencing domestic policy integration.

The aim of the present study was to compare the level of stress of face book users and non users. A sample of 80 subjects [age ranged 19-22 years] was taken Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar. Each group consisted of 40 subjects. Experimental task was given to measure stress level. Quota sampling technique was used for selection of the sample. Stress scale developed by M. Singh was used to measure the stress level of participants. Chi-square test was used to analyses the obtained data. Result revealed that face book users were found to be more stressful than non users. During the briefing of research following have been found accountable for high level of stress in face book users some of the factors are such that- • In the race of gaining more and more “likes.” • Messed situation due to lots of people “messaging” same time. • Due to over consciousness for “comments” on face book account “wall.” • Peer pressure of own impressive signature expression. These findings draw the attention of the researcher towards finding the new kind of stress management techniques for face book users.

The credit for the dynamic function of representation of food in literature is long due. With the advent of modernism, this area of study gained its importance. The opening of this critical literature study, a new perspective brought into discussion a deep look into the social, cultural, and ideological aspects hidden behind various food connotations. Ronald Barthes established this new discourse by stating that the depiction of food is a system of communication. Apart from being necessary for human survival, food has its complex web of cultural, religious, political, philosophical, and economic connotations that represent a community to the rest of the world. With this multifaceted nature of food representation in literature, the present paper seeks to study the gastronomic notion present in the select novel of Mo Yan. The narratives of this Novel Prize winner author reflect more on the Chinese culture than he intended. Therefore, the paper examines commensality and culinary custom as mentioned in the select novels to unfold the hidden aspects of Chinese society in general here. Since Mo Yan‟s novels are full of folktales, myths, and other cultural references, the criticism of symbolism of food will uncover other hidden characteristics of Chinese society.

African colonialism severely stunted the advancement of Afro-indigenous science, technology, politics, and economics, deeming it antiquated and giving colonial culture priority. The colonial overlords severely scorned and rejected Africa's ancient traditions in favour of their civilization. African arts and culture have also been marginalized, especially in the area of music technology, as most African melodic and harmonic musical instruments are viewed as incapacitated instruments that can be used for contemporary music accompaniment. The Berom tribe in Plateau State is familiar with the native xylophone known as Kundung(Xylophone) which has the limitation of playing five-note and its harmony is mostly in parallels. The musical instrument (Kundung) has frequently had important roles in entertainment, social and spiritual gatherings. In terms of its use, preservation, construction, and identity as a priceless cultural monument, there are rising fears that the Kundung is quickly losing its pride of place in most Berom communities. Thus, the building of the Kundungusing indigenous materials, technology, and abilities is the main topic of this article. It also discusses how the instrument may be considered one of the most cutting-edge techno-musical instruments from Africa while still maintaining its originality. Techniques, phases and procedures, materials, and tools used in the instrument's construction are all taken into consideration. Therefore, the connectivity between the components of the Kundung and how they function is established using a combination of scientific, historical, and descriptive study methodologies. As a result, the methods used by the locals to produce the instrument's scale and syrupy sound prove clever. The researcher realist that the musical instrument is turned by the maker based on assumption as the music but yet maintains the same intervallic measurement that to show one ability is memorizing a particular key. Also, the instrument is strictly constructed from the materials found in that environment as well as uses waste material from cows such as the horn which served as resonators to the musical instrument.

Internet banking is inevitable for the success of any modern banking institution in contemporary times. Because it plays a critical role in the current banking system and provides customers convenient, inexpensive access to their bank accounts to manage their transactions 24 hours a day and seven days a week. For these reasons, banks must strive harder to increase customer satisfaction and internet banking usage of their clients. Therefore, this study aims to identify the impact of internet banking service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction. For that, the researcher has developed a conceptual framework based on several previous studies. This study has followed the quantitative research approach and is inspired by the positivism research philosophy. According to the statistical and earlier research findings, the researcher was able to conclude that, Website design, Security and privacy, Ease of use, and Speed of transactions have a positive significant impact and Ease of use has the highest impact on customer satisfaction. The findings of this study will be a useful guide for the management when formulating strategies in order to attract and retain more customers and obtain competitive advantages over their rivals.

MORE et CAMPANELLA décrivent la façon, dont nous pourrons édifier ladite société. Nous constatons que l’âge d’or n’est pas poussé au sein d’un passé éloigné, inabordable ni au sein d’un avenir qui n’adviendra jamais. Il est interrogation d’inventer maintenant l’événement. En coupant tous les rapports avec l’immémorial, l’utopie mornienne et campanellienne se configurent comme une conduite modèle, qui transforme l’exaltation de la fidélité à la Nature et l’émancipation de la morale. De ce fait, L’Utopie et La Cité Soleil sont la transcription de l’imaginaire humaniste de la Renaissance considéré comme instrument de réforme et de progrès moral pour l’individu d’abord, et par conséquent, pour les sociétés humaines et leurs institutions politico-sociales: la paix, la tolérance et légalité contre une abolition des vices sociaux ou leurs «venins» détruisent le tissu social de la cité idéale telle quelle est imaginée par nos utopistes. Car, il est beau de consacrer la vie à la recherche théorique de la vérité , c’est déjà préparer la voie à l’humanité, mais il est plus beau encore de passer de la spéculation à la pratique et de prouver, par des actes, qu’on a rompu courageusement avec l’erreur

With the aim of improving online and blended learning and teaching, this paper analyses students’ emotions of a remote learning experience of French and Italian as foreign languages during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Malaysian university. This data was collected through a distance course survey on learners’ emotions. The validity of this survey was proven by internal consistency coefficient tests and by a pilot survey made by external learners. The descriptive statistics method used (based on a five-point Likert scale) underlined the contradictory effects of the emergency remote teaching (ERT). On one hand, learners were frustrated with the internet and technological tools disruption, and anxious about their competencies in the target foreign language. On the other hand, students’ motivation to learn a new foreign language and their appreciation of the interpersonal interaction (with lecturers and peers) remained high notwithstanding the forced circumstances (the ERT). In addition, due to shyness, students yielded a lack of self-confidence during the online live webcam classes when showing their face and when they had to share their foreign language skills with peers. Lecturers of French and Italian acknowledged the findings of this research and adapted the necessary hybrid and remote teaching changes to improve the quality of the course and to encourage the learners’ positive emotions during their future foreign language classes.