Folk art is a form of art which represents the cultural identity of a society, and is made by individuals without any formal training in art. In the Mithila region of Bihar, Madhubani painting is a folk art depicting Hindu style of painting that has now attained worldwide recognition. In its original form, it was used by women to decorate the walls and floors of their houses during the time of festivals, and to this date, it is mainly women from the Brahmin, Kayastha, and Dalit communities who practice this type of painting. Thus, there is a distinct social as well as gender stratification involved in Madhubani painting, and the present study tries to explore these issues and their social, economic, and cultural impacts on the society in general, and women in particular. The study would use both primary as well as secondary sources. Data related to different forms of folk art and their micro regional variations, socio-economic attributes etc. has been collected through primary survey that will include face to face interviews, focus group discussions, and in-depth observation. Based on these data, the study will try to assess the symbolic values of Madhubani painting as well as the role of sociocultural fabric of the geographic space within which it is located in the evolution and development of different styles of Madhubani painting in the region.