Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an educational approach for learning content through an additional language (foreign or second), thus teaching both the subject and the language. CLIL is a new didactic approach to teaching subjects integrating two features – linguistic and factual. This paper aims at first presenting some views relating to content and language integrated learning (CLIL), differentiation among teaching general English (GE), teaching English for specific purposes (ESP), and CLIL. Then, it applies the CLIL perspectives to analyze some specific features of an English textbook developed for students majored in International Studies of Faculty of International Studies at University of Foreign Language Studies – The University of Da Nang (FIS). Finally, some suggestions to ensure the effectiveness of teaching and learning this textbook at FIS are also provided.

The Tea Plantations in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal is a world-renowned tea producing region in India. It is also the primary source of livelihood specially for the people in this region. This paper provides the real image of the Tea Gardens in the Darjeeling Hills. The Tea Industryis believed to have a distinct work activity as an Organised SectorIndustry. The paper projects their livelihood which is a distinct labouring activity. It explicates their significant issues of the past and has tried to perceive how they are at the present moment. It is an account of the Century old British era economy that still operates and their Unorganised condition. Thus, this article is a noteworthy effort to show how the Organised Sector has Unorganised labour arrangement. It shows common situation of the workers and their everyday life. Most prominently their situation in this pandemic is an example of the worker and employer relationship of apathy.

The aim of this study is to examine the factors that influence customer loyalty in the telecommunication industry of Zimbabwe. Increased competition in the telecommunication industry has motivated the service providers to review the quality of their services and to build customer loyalty platforms for the purpose of customer retention. Service quality is the most important determinant of customer loyalty. Strong interpersonal relationships between service providers and customers are the way to build customer loyalty, even when competitors try to win them over with lower prices. The study uses the structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 200 customers of the mobile telecommunication industry. Purposive sampling techniques were employed in the study. A conceptual framework was constructed in order to provide a platform for the creation of relevant hypothesis. Thus several hypotheses were generated and tested using one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable was customer loyalty, whereas the independent variables were, service quality, customer satisfaction, trust, corporate image and switching cost. The results of the study revealed that service quality, customer satisfaction, trust and corporate image have some degree of relationship with customer loyalty whereas switching cost did not have any significant degree of relationship with customer loyalty.

This study is an attempt to examine how power is invested along gender lines through language choice[1] in patriarchal societies. It also seeks to evaluate the way the female characters of the novels at issues shift from established ideologies regarding the portrayal of woman in fictional writings by female authors. In that regard, it draws on the broad Critical Theory diversely termed Critical Language Study [2], Critical Discourse Studies[3], Critical Linguistics [4], Critical Discourse Analysis [5] van Dijk [6], and more particularly on the Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis [7], to analyze actual products of interaction, i.e. texts, in fictional works (Purple Hibiscus and Everything Good Will Come) by two Anglophone African female writers, namely Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Sefi Atta. The research work reveals that both feminist authors endeavor, through their crafted characters, to deconstruct the social orders which have up till now downgraded or discriminated woman. This isdefinitely a crucial step inbringingout social and cultural change in the power relationship between the womenfolk and their male counterpart.

The study is designed to provide an assessment of corporate parenting between Cameroon Cooperative Credit Union League (CamCCUL) and its affiliated Credit Unions. A stratified random sample of 138 was selected for data collection and the main source was primary, done with the aid of questionnaire as the major instrument. The questions were structured to capture the competencies of CamCCUL and the opportunities available in affiliated Credit Unions. A five points Likert scale was used in this regard which was later summarised and quantified with the use of the STATA 14 statistical package. The questionnaire was submitted to researchers and econometricians both at the University of Calabar, Nigeria and University of Buea, Cameroon for scrutiny. Additionally, primary data was tested to be reliable with a 0.701 consistency coefficient using Cronbach alpha The findings revealed that CamCCUL adds value to 89.47 percent and 10.53 percent of the affiliated Credit Unions get their value destroyed due to their affiliation with the league. The researcher therefore recommends that the Ministry of Finance should facilitate the creation of additional leagues and classify Credit Unions according to relative sizes, and make it possible for Credit Unions with excess capacity to gain autonomy.

Considering the colossal role of the Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE) in filling the communication lacunae and as the most viable cum acceptable choice of a national or official language amongst the diverse ethnic conglomerations and diverse tongues in a highly multilingual society as Nigeria, this paper seeks to make a case for the Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE) to occupy that exalted pride of place as our national language or lingua franca. The stance of this paper is being hinged on the neutrality of the code in terms of its origin and originality as there is no particular ethnic bloc or grouping that can lay claim to it. However, it (NPE) can be adopted as our national language. The NPE is one of the varieties of the English language that is used and spoken by all Nigerians, no matter how highly or lowly educated. It can be used in both formal and informal settings. No doubt, linguists have identified over 450 indigenous languages that are spoken in Nigeria. Out of these numbers, three or the “big three”, Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba (HIY) enjoy the rare privilege or constitutional backing to wear the garb of “major” languages while all others are “minor” languages. This defective dichotomy is queried here, as it prioritised political consideration over linguistic considerations. Of all the languages used and spoken in Nigeria, the English language and its cousin – NPE occupy the driving seat and as such, enjoy the new status of a national or official language or a lingua franca. The position of this paper is to canvas support in the adoption of NPE as the lingua franca of Nigeria since the majority of Nigerians across ethnic groupings and religious leanings use and speak it. Besides, the active force of our youthful population or younger generation also relish in the use of NPE. This code has the potentials to rekindle the spirit of our national unity, cohesion and integration.

Since 2008 the bilateral trade of approximate 327 products between India and China had run smoothly, many Indian Companies are doing business at China, similarly many Chinese companies are doing business in different sectors particularly pharmaceutical, automobile, telecom and other infrastructural areas. But encroachment of China in May,2020 at the Galwan Valley of east Ladakh calls to boycott Chinese goods and companies have grown louder ever since. India has been working on policies to scrutinise and stymie influx of Chinese goods into the country. The government is also planning to impose licensing requirements for import of goods from 20 sectors.

This article seeks to contribute to a cross-cultural comparative study of White Bone Demon in Journey to the West and Griffin in The Invisible Man, which facilitates a re-interpretation of the two classics. The three beatings of White Bone Demon in Journey to the West and the three beatings of Griffin in The Invisible Man both are two of the wonderful and significant sketches in world literature. White Bone Demon and Griffin, two interesting rebels, are highly comparative and relevant, but they are ruined by the unreasonable social forces in their pursuit of self-realization and individuality. The time and space-crossing textuality of the two novels have very profound philosophical implications conducive to the understanding of the inner relation and literary values of mythological and sci-fi texts.

The wind of Colonialism that swept through the world buried its root in Africa because of the favorable economic realities and riches of the African continent. Colonialism was a yoke on Africa, no doubt. The aim of this paper is to discuss Colonialism as it affects Africa,and the place of Militia Struggles and Resistance as catalysts that sped up the process of independence across African Continent which brought about Decolonization. With focus on Chinodya’s Harvest of Thorns and Zimbabwe,It relates the fact that without intense agitation by Guerrilla Fighters – an army of the people, the evils of colonialism would have continued till this day with the white minority dominating the black majority. The paper adopts as its theoretical framework, Resistant Theory, believed to have been first practiced by the Protestant Reformer, Martin Luther, and concludes that Militia Struggles and Resistance were best responses to Colonialism and imperialism of the West as they aided the actualization of Independence.

Shell shock is a psychological disturbance whose first description appeared during World War I. As a medical condition, it was characterized by severe symptoms such as fatigue, tremor, confusion, nightmares and impaired sight and hearing. It took some time before the disorder could be related to the atrocities and brutalities that the soldiers experienced during the combats, especially during the bombings. While the genesis of the disorder was becoming clear to clinicians and governors, soldiers and civilians started to describe with memoirs, editorials, letters and particularly poetry, the suffering and the agony of the battlefields and the impact of the conflict on the casualties. The aim of the present article is to investigate the relationship between the clinical manifestations of this new mental disorder and the description that two war poets, Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen, made of the mental effects of war in their poems

Cohesion refers to the linguistic devices by which the author can signal the experiential and interpersonal coherence of the text, and is, thus, a textual phenomenon . The research has two purposes, i.e. to know the kinds of Grammatical cohesion and to explain how grammatical cohesion makes the narrative text, 'The Cop and the Anthem', coherent. The data is taken from an anthology of O Henry's short stories, The Stories of O Henry. The research uses qualitative as well as quantitative methods. The story is analyzed using cohesion theory by Michael Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan. The result of the research shows that all types of grammatical cohesion, Personal reference, Substitution, Ellipsis and Conjunctions, are found in the text. Based on the analysis, the grammatical cohesive ties in the text construct the unity as well as the context in the text. In other words, the grammatical cohesion makes the text function in which it is embedded. It can be said that grammatical cohesion creates the coherence of the text.

World War II is a historic event that shaped the modern world. During the war, states from all continents became involved in the conflict. After the end of the war, the borders of most European countries were defined, with the conditions that ended World War II. Therefore, World War II is a fact whose knowledge is necessary for understanding the history of the modern world. The pedagogical value of war teaching becomes valuable, as, as with similar war events of the past, they help to avoid their recurrence in the future. The spread of the use of the internet has contributed so that knowledge is not only transmitted by the teacher in the classroom or from books, but the most common source of nonscientific information is the internet. In particular, Social Media is the most widespread place for the exchange of knowledge and information. This paper examines the possibility of utilizing social media accounts, specifically twitter, accounts that deal with the history of World War II. A thorough research is carried out on the above twitter accounts, where research criteria determine the content, usefulness and reliability of the relevant accounts.

This study examined the relationships between gold mining and land conflicts in Kahama District. Specifically, it aimed at identifying the challenges experienced by the communities in the implementation of mining and land laws and policies with regards to mining and land related conflicts. The study employed a case study design in which, both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection used. A total of 398 respondents were involved in the study. Data were collected using questionnaires, interview as well as personal observations. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to describe the results. The findings revealed some of the problems affected the local communities have been also associated with involuntary relocation which has led to the risks of homelessness, food insecurity, loss of access to public services communities and social breakdown in Kahama District especially the adjacent local communities to the BGM. Other challenges that experienced by the communities are loss of farmland, establishment of unplanned settlements, employment levels, lack of coordination, movement of people and compliance to national rules and regulations by the mining companies. Among others, the study recommends that regulations should be made to enable the companies‟ incomes are used for corporate social responsibility including building roads, schools, health services, safe water and electricity supply. Equity regulations should be formulated so as to support the small scale and artisanal who belong to former (taken land) by the larger-scale miners so as to avoid the outbreak of conflicts.

Surveys on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) practice have targeted women alone while no attention has been paid to culture, men‟s perspectives and attitudes in FGM/C-persistence. This might be because most researchers tend to be skeptical about the right methodology to apply in such a study. This study therefore investigated culture, men‟s perspectives and attitudes in the continued practice of FGM/C in South-East Nigeria. The specific objectives included: to find out the influence of culture on the continued practice of FGM/C, to ascertain the perspectives of men about FGM/C, to examine the attitudes of men in sustaining the practice, and to identify how the practice can be eradicated in SouthEast Nigeria. The paper is therefore, a demonstration of the researchers‟ field experiences during the study. The design was a mixed- method research. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 1,067 respondents for the quantitative data while 54 in-depth interviews were conducted to generate qualitative data. Some of the challenges encountered in the fieldwork included reluctance by respondents to partake in the exercise, some of the respondents did not believe in the total confidentiality assured them that their responses would be, Illiteracy, respondents‟ demand to be compensated for their time and poor road network. The challenges were however surmounted through the application of the researchers‟ classroom knowledge and by help of vibrant research assistants. It was therefore concluded that the fieldwork was an interesting exercise that exposed the researchers to field experiences that could not be gotten from the classroom.

It would result in anxiety and terror for death that human being is aware of his own mortality, which is existential anxiety and terror. In order to eliminate or sublimate this existential anxiety and terror, every culture in the world constructs the mechanism of mortality anxiety management with their own cultural characteristics, so is Chan(Zen) culture no exception. Chan culture is one of three major components of Chinese culture, which constructs the thought of mortality anxiety management with Chan cultural characteristics based on its core thought that ―Xin(心: heart or mind)is Buddha, Buddha is Kong(空: emptiness)‖. Chan thought of mortality anxiety management mainly embodied in that death is return of Ben-xin(original heart), and that everyone is Buddha, and that Xin‘s capacity is vast and great. Its psychological mechanism is mainly rationalization, identification and sublimation. This thought of Chan has great realistic value, which can serves an important and positive rolein the psychological adjustment of critical patients especially the dying, life education, life meaning and value education, prevention suicide, etc

As the well-known masterpiece of Charles Dickens, Great Expectations conforms to the basic features of the Bildungsroman. The pattern of plots in this work is also in accordance with that of the growth, with the periods of innocence temptation, leaving from home, perplexity, ordeals, loss of innocence, epiphany and gaining maturity. In the course of Pip’s growth, he experiences various ordeals, meets some positive and negative guides, and then gains maturity through epiphany. Through the analysis of the growing process of the hero Pip, it has concluded that he finally has achieved a full understanding of love after he overcomes various hardships and frustrations both in his life and mind. Pip’s full understanding of love is extremely significant not only for him, but also for the whole novel as a famous education work.

Transgender persons are one such group of people who have been marginalized, abused, disdained and callously neglected community in almost every known society. Transgender is often used as an umbrella term to signify individuals who defy rigid, binary gender constructions and who expresses or present a breaking and blurring of culturally prevalent stereotypically gender roles. They experience stigmatization, discrimination, sexual abuse, lack of civil rights and harassment accessing health services due to their transgender identity. Besides the lack of employment and educational opportunities pushed them to live the lives in poverty and indulge in risky trade of sex work. The aim of this paper is to highlight the issues of transgenders living in Kashmir due to ambiguous gender identity. Both primary as well as secondary sources of data were utilized in the present study

Failure of criminal justice system around the world is an accepted truth now, and most of the countries are exploring and designing new aims, objectives and processes of criminal justice system. Quest for true meaning and purpose of justice has become need of hour. The present research paper aims at bringing popular restorative practices around the globe together. It attempts to clarify the concept of practices adopted to apply restorative justice

Studying fashion as a social phenomenon has become important during recent years. The term has a dual meaning involving a change and an attire at the same time. The present research takes into account the provision which considers fashion as an attire. The research aims to study the impact of fashion as a social phenomenon on youth in Georgia. The survey was conducted with 150 respondents (80 girls and 70 boys) from 3 state universities. The study showed that there is a connection between gender and fashion trends (x2 = 7.41, P <0.05), namely female (40%) and male (37.3%) follow fashion trends, while consumer behavior plays the most important role in "demonstrative consumption". Respondents mainly purchase garments in clothing stores rather than boutiques. Online shopping platforms gain popularity year by year (5.2%),moreover websites are essential sources of picking up information about fashion (70.2%).Fashion is not determined by Georgian adolescents as an instrument of segregation between social classes and emulation anymore. Even though some respondents don’t follow fashion trends, they still consider themselves as fashionable ones (61.1%). They are not ready to experiment with changing their style (58.8%) or wearing colorful clothes. The majority of respondents of both genders believe that fashion has a further negative impact on their self-esteem than a positive one. Survey indicated specific stereotypes and limitations related to wearing garment due to that fact, they have experienced restrictions and negative attitudes not merely from parents or relatives, but rather from society

The purpose of this announcement is to highlight the teaching of the historical phenomenon of the First World War through social media. The study focuses on relevant thematic pages on twitter. The visualization of distant historical phenomena helps in the better reception of the historical information and in the empathy of the learner. There is a wealth of material on the internet, especially on pages from the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States. This material highlights many aspects of World War I, both military events and other social issues, such as the lives of civilians in wartorn countries, the propaganda of political leaders, and everyday human stories hidden in life. of soldiers and their families.