Genome assembly is a critical process in bioinformatics, where short DNA sequences (reads) are pieced together to reconstruct an organism's genome. As sequencing technologies generate vast amounts of data, the need for effective computational methods to assemble these reads has grown. Two prominent graph theory-based approaches—the overlap graph and the Hamiltonian path approaches—offer different strategies for this task. This study focuses on the construction and decoding aspects of these graph-based methods, providing a comparative analysis of their effectiveness in genome assembly. This research will explore the intricacies of constructing and decoding these graphs, examining how each approach handles challenges such as repetitive sequences, sequencing errors, and varying read lengths. The construction phase will be analysed in terms of computational efficiency, focusing on the algorithms used to build the graphs and the preprocessing required to manage large datasets. The decoding phase will be evaluated based on the accuracy of the assembled genome, considering factors like contiguity (N50), error rates, and the ability to resolve complex genomic regions. A key aspect of this research is the comparison of the decoding strategies used in both approaches. For the overlap graph approach, the focus will be on greedy algorithms that iteratively connect reads with the best overlaps. The Hamiltonian path approach, on the other hand, will be examined through the lens of heuristic and approximation algorithms designed to tackle its inherent computational complexity. This research will be supported by practical experiments using real-world sequencing data, allowing for a detailed evaluation of how each method performs under different conditions. The research will also consider the scalability of these approaches, particularly in the context of emerging sequencing technologies that produce longer and more accurate reads. Ultimately, this thesis aims to provide a clear understanding of the trade-offs involved in the construction and decoding of overlap graphs and Hamiltonian paths for genome assembly. By focusing on the graph theory aspects of these methods, the research will offer insights into their strengths and limitations, guiding the selection of the most appropriate approach for different genomic challenges. The findings will contribute to the ongoing development of more efficient and accurate genome assembly techniques, with potential applications in a wide range of biological and medical research.

Iraq had witnessed two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic during the years 2020 and 2021, with date-dependent fluctuations of the mortality rate. However, Thi-Qar governorate, like all other Iraqi governorates, had witnessed the two waves of the pandemic attacks.Methodology: This study evaluates and statistically analyzes the mortality rate, taking into account the influences of gender, age, the date of death, and the city or district of residence. Mortality) are categorized according to gender, method of diagnosis, date of passing out, and age group and evaluated during the study period extending from February 2020 to April 2022.Results: The study has shown that of the 2129 victims who passed out, 59.4% are males and 40.6% are females, with an age range of a few days to 110 years old, yet around 75.5% are positive for RT-CPR, while the others are diagnosed using CT- scans, X-ray radiological examinations, and clinical examinations, of which 73.23% are admitted as severe cases. In fact, there is no statistically significant correlation between the gender of the victims and the diagnosis method used (p_value: 0.77), but there is a very highly significant relation (P_value < 0.0001) between the mortality rate and method of diagnosis. Remarkably, 99.9% of the mortality cases were unvaccinated; besides, the mortality rate is 91.73 deaths/100,000, or 9.173/million, of population, while the case fatality rate was 2.067%, which is as double as the Iraq case fatality rate at the end of March 2022, which was 1.086%, where there is a statistically significant relation between mortalities, gender, and residence district (p_value: 0.022), particularly for males and females of both Marshlands/east and intermediate north districts of Thi-Qar, which has the greatest contribution to total fatalities. However, there is no statistically significant correlation between mortalities gender and the city of residence, although both Al-Nasiriya, followed by Al-Shatra cities, have the greatest contribution to the total number of fatalities. In addition, there is no significant relation between mortalities age group and gender (p_value: 0.09), as well as the district of residence (p_value: 0.898), yet age group mortalities have a highly significant relation (p_value: 0.003) with the city of residence, where both Al-Nasiriya followed by Al-Shatra as cities of residence have the greatest contribution to the total number of fatalities, although in the three cases, the age group of over 65 years old has the greatest contribution to the total fatalities. Remarkably, it has been found that according to 10-15-year-old dividing of age groups up to 65 years old, there is no statistically significant relation between mortalities, gender, and comorbidity (p_value: 0.717), although co-morbidity combinations such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and respiratory diseases have a significantly greater contribution to the total fatalities on the one hand, yet there is a very high significant relation between mortalities, age group, and comorbidity (p_value: < 0.001), particularly those of 55-65 and over 65 years old on the other hand. Meanwhile, it is worthy to note that according to 15-year dividing of age groups for those below 44 years old and 20 years old for those 45 years old, there is a very significant relation between the victims age group and co-morbidities (p-value < 0.001), although there is no statistically significant correlation between the victims age group and gender, residence city, and residence district with corresponding p-values of 0.069, 0.939, and 0.375, respectively. During the two successive years of the pandemic 2020 and 2021, two pairs of mortality rate peaks escalations have been observed, one pair for each year. The summer peak started in May of the two years and declined to the base line in autumn in both years, preceded by a winter-to-spring peak. However, characteristic troughts have been observed occurring approximately at the same interval (October), just after the end of the imam Al-Hussein Bin Ali Ziyarat AL-Arbaeen rituals that had involved several hundred thousand to millions of the pilgrims in close proximity to each other, and continuing to around a three-month interval in contrast to what was expected of gathering and approximation negative impact on COVD-19 infection expansion/acquisition.Conclusion: The variations in fatality rates between genders could be related to gene-related hormonal influences on the victims immune surveillance; however, the variations in fatalities among residence districts and cities are residence population-attributed incidence rate, ethnic, race, educational, as well as personal hygiene-attributed variations. The remarkable difference in monthly mortality pattern between the year 2020 of the pandemic and 2021 encourages presuming the arising/involvement of a new SARS-CoV-2 virus strain in the second year, although it was probably less virulent than that of the first one. However, there is no significant correlation between the mortalities and the date of death among the two genders. 

The ancient/modern antinomy represents the rupture of the order of knowledge based on the change in the mode of existence and the state of man, which has been fixed within its historical and conceptual border since ancient Rome, is seen as being reworked within its graphic representations and reversed within its conceptual bases through the geographical, historical and conceptual insertions of this New World. The latter thus proves the persistence of the utopian ideal of the perfect city. So, in terms of image, the Renaissance is defined not as the era of Enlightenment, but as the birth of day, when light is still penetrated by shadows, it thereby seeks adjustment and balance in a confluence of adversaries which rejects the violence of antitheses. For the world conceived as an abundance of souls, the modern era would tend to substitute, despite Platonism, the relationship between the subject and the object, and despite or through all the meditations on the force of wealth, it would tend to define man as the architect of his action. Even if it is possible to doubt that the utopian imagination is at the origin of all our mental attitudes, we can only adore the effrontery and the fullness of this beautiful synthesis.

The current research, titled "The Concept of Time in the Works of GiacomoBalla," consists of four chapters. The first chapter focuses on the methodological framework, addressing the research problem, which is defined by the question: Does the concept of time form an intellectual and structural foundation in shaping the creative vision of GiacomoBalla? The research aims to explore the structure of time in Balla's artworks. The scope of the research is limited to studying the concept of time in his paintings and analyzing selected visual examples of his works that emerged in Europe, relying on the descriptive-analytical method.The second chapter includes the theoretical framework, which is divided into two sections. The first section discusses the concept of time in human thought, while the second section addresses the concept of time in the art of painting. The chapter concludes with key indicators derived from the theoretical framework.The third chapter covers the research procedures, including the research community, sample, and research tool, followed by the analysis of three selected paintings.The fourth chapter presents the research findings and conclusions, along with recommendations and suggestions. The research concludes with sources and appendices.